Aside from a multiple-entry visa, which enables you to settle in the Schengen area for a maximum of 90 days within 180 days, the validity of your single-entry visa or double-entry visa depends on the government. The government elects the number of days you are allowed to stay in any of the Schengen countries, as well as the first date you are allowed to enter Schengen and the last day that you are allowed to remain.
This is the point where several people get mistaken because they do not understand there is a difference between visa validity and the duration of stay in a visa.
Duration of Stay – is the maximum of days you are allowed to live in the Schengen. The first day you enter Schengen is counted as “Day 1”, even if you enter just a few seconds before midnight. Whereas, the “Last Day” is calculated the day you leave Schengen, even if it is only some minutes after night.
Visa Validity – on the other hand, is the period from which to which you can use your visa to enter and visit in the Schengen Area.
Example: the duration of stay in your visa is 10 days, whereas the efficacy of your visa is from 1 January to 20 January. In this case, you can enter the Schengen Zone anytime in this period. You can enter i.e. on 3 January and leave on 12 January. On the other hand, if you enter on 15 January, you will still have to leave on 20 January, despite of not having spent the number of days you were permitted to stay.
On the other case, if you have a double-entry visa, with a visa valid from January 1 to March 1, and duration of stay of 10 days, then you can enter the Schengen Area twice within this period. You are still not allowed to remain more than 10 days during both trips. If during the first trip you stay for 7 days, then on the second trip you can stay for three days at most. If you make just one trip and spend 10 days in any of the member states, then you have no claim to enter the country despite the fact that your visa is still legitimate.
As per a multiple-entry visa, if i.e. you have a three-year multiple-entry visa, which becomes valid on January 15, 2018, then you will be permitted to access and leave the Schengen whenever you want until January 15, 2021. You should not ignore that there is a rule of 90 days limit per each 180 day period.
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